His expert knowledge of cryptocurrency has provided the series with an opportunity to further explore this once-dark, underground area of. Almost five years earlier, shortly after the cryptocurrency was developed, and, in return, the program would let him keep some currency. A New York City couple's social media antics disguised an alleged plot to abscond with billions in stolen crypto. LEICESTER CITY VS BOURNEMOUTH BETTING PREVIEWS

Dave will clear Chuck of any illegal action — presenting a fully authorized warrant to replace the fake one he used to obtain the first hard drive — and they will work together to take down Mike Prince. It sounds like a dream come true for Chuck, right? Eh, more like a nightmare.

Chuck may be getting released from jail, but how is someone like him supposed to do this kind of social-justice work without the promise of everlasting glory? I get that Scooter has accepted his role as the future man behind the man in the White House, but I am deeply disappointed that this seems to be the path Kate Sacker is taking as well. Her own political aspirations are already a distant memory, and she now appears to be all in on helping Prince get elected.

Good on Billions for examining the double standard that comes with potential political sex scandals. The goal is to fake enough trading volume to get the exchanges on the lists tracked by the widely followed CoinMarketCap website, thus gaining the attention of real crypto investors. Coindesk's report, in July , indicated that this Russian kid's business was only one of a number around the world that help fledgling exchanges "fake it until you make it.

The exchange has an incentive program linked to the transaction fees charged by the exchange for users. Several users had multiple accounts on the platform and used bots to increase trading volume between their accounts and earn lots of tokens.

The transaction is a profitable one if the distributed tokens increase in value. Such trades are known as wash trades and the U. Justice Department has already opened an investigation into cryptocurrency exchanges involved in the practice. The other red flag for Bloomberg is the absence of a correlation between the number of website visits and trading volumes. Cryptocurrency exchanges with few website visits are reporting trading volumes that run into billions of dollars.

Why Trading Volumes Matter Large trading volumes at crypto exchanges serve two purposes. This is the benefit of liquidity, a factor valued by most investors. Second, they are testaments to the trustworthiness of a cryptocurrency platform and indicators of user trust in an incipient industry that has zoomed into mainstream focus on the back of scandals and scams.

Trading volumes are also important indicators of price movement: an increase in trading volume is generally considered a precursor to a big price move. An Ongoing Problem This is not the first time that cryptocurrency exchanges have been accused of fabricating trading volume figures.

Experiments at other cryptocurrency exchanges revealed similar data points. At Huobi, another big China-based exchange, he estimated that HitBTC and Binance, which is arguably the biggest crypto trading platform, showed a similarly large slippage amount. Investing in cryptocurrencies and other Initial Coin Offerings "ICOs" is highly risky and speculative, and this article is not a recommendation by Investopedia or the writer to invest in cryptocurrencies or other ICOs.

Since each individual's situation is unique, a qualified professional should always be consulted before making any financial decisions. Investopedia makes no representations or warranties as to the accuracy or timeliness of the information contained herein.

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In brief Bitcoin was mentioned on the season five premiere of Billions last night. In the scene, two characters discuss the worth of Bitcoin versus the US dollar. Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have now been featured on several hit shows, and even some feature flicks. Bitcoin BTC , the world's first and most successful cryptocurrency was just featured on the popular Showtime TV show Billions in its season five premiere.

Image: Billions. Bitcoin back in Billions Bitcoin's recent mention comes in the first episode of season five of the show, which airs each Sunday at 9 pm ET on Showtime. Like most mentions of Bitcoin in mainstream media, the recent episode discussed Bitcoin in a negative tone—with attorney Rhoades remarking on the fact that it isn't backed by any physical assets.

Bitcoin on Billions! Nada, nix…zat," said Rhoades during an interrogation. Hint: benmezrich helped us write the season. This isn't the first time a cryptocurrency was featured on the show. The most common underlying assets include stocks , bonds , commodities , currencies , interest rates and market indexes. Devaluation -Devaluing a currency is decided by the government issuing the currency, and unlike depreciation, is not the result of non-governmental activities.

One reason a country may devaluate its currency is to combat trade imbalances. This, in turn, means that imports are more expensive, making domestic consumers less likely to purchase them, further strengthening domestic businesses. While devaluating a currency can seem like an attractive option, it can have negative consequences. By making imports more expensive, for example, it protects domestic industries who may then become less efficient without the pressure of competition.

Higher exports relative to imports can also increase aggregate demand , which can lead to inflation. Environmental criteria consider how a company performs as a steward of nature. Social criteria examine how it manages relationships with employees, suppliers, customers, and the communities where it operates. ETFs usually track an index, such as stock index or bond index. They experience price changes throughout the day as they are bought and sold.

Family Office — They serve as advisory firms for managing ultra-high net worth investors. Family offices are different from traditional wealth management shops that they cannot handle outside money but instead offer totally outsourced solutions to manage the financial and investment side of a affluent individual or family. For example, many family offices offer budgeting, insurance, charitable giving, family-owned businesses, wealth transfer and tax services.

The FCPA places no minimum amount for a punishment of a bribery payment. FERC also reviews proposals to build liquefied natural gas LNG terminals and interstate natural gas pipelines as well as licensing hydropower projects. The more debt financing a company uses, the higher its financial leverage.

Financial Models — It is the goal of the analyst to accurately forecast the price or future earnings performance of a company. Numerous valuation and forecast theories exist, and financial analysts are able to test these theories by recreating business events in an interactive calculator referred to as a financial model. A financial model tries to capture all the variables in a particular event. It then quantifies the variables and creates formulas around these variables.

In the end, the model provides the analyst with a mathematical depiction of particular business event. The primary software tool used to do this is the spreadsheet. Spreadsheet language allows the financial modeler to reconstruct almost any cash flow or revenue stream. The intermediary is rewarded for discovering and bringing the deal to interested parties. Front Running — The unethical practice of a broker trading an equity in his personal account based on advanced knowledge of pending orders from the brokerage firm or from clients, allowing him to profit from the knowledge.

It can also occur when a broker buys shares in his personal account ahead of a strong buy recommendation that the brokerage firm is going to make to its clients. Futures contracts detail the quality and quantity of the underlying asset; they are standardized to facilitate trading on a futures exchange. Some futures contracts may call for physical delivery of the asset, while others are settled in cash.

Greenwash -disinformation disseminated by an organization so as to present an environmentally responsible public image. Hard to Borrow List — An inventory used by brokerages to indicate securities that are unavailable for borrowing for short sale transactions. The security may be on the hard-to-borrow list because it is in short supply or because of its volatility. In order to enter a short sale, a brokerage client must first borrow the shares from the broker. To provide the shares, the broker can use its own inventory or borrow from the margin account of another client or from another brokerage firm.

Hedge —A hedge is an investment to reduce the risk of adverse price movements in an asset. Normally, a hedge consists of taking an offsetting position in a related security. In general, a hedge fund is a private partnership that operates with little to no regulation from the U. In many cases, hedge funds are managed to generate a consistent level of return, regardless of what the market does.

To understand what a hedge fund is, it helps to know what hedging is. Hedging means reducing risk, which is what many hedge funds are designed to do. Although risk is usually a function of return the higher the risk, the higher the return , a hedge fund manager has ways to reduce risk without cutting into investment income. Or s he can increase her return from a relatively low-risk investment by borrowing money, known as leveraging.

Keep in mind, however, that risk remains, no matter the hedge fund strategy. The challenge for the hedge fund manager is to eliminate some risk while gaining return on investments — not a simple task, which is why hedge fund managers get paid handsomely if they succeed. It uses complex algorithms to analyze multiple markets and execute orders based on market conditions.

Typically, the traders with the fastest execution speeds are more profitable than traders with slower execution speeds. It exists to own shares of other companies to form a corporate group. Holding companies allow the reduction of risk for the owners and allow the ownership and control a number of different companies.

Idea Dinner — Idea dinners are a way for managers to not only socialize but discuss trading ideas and strategies. Impact Investing — Impacting investing aims to generate specific beneficial social or environmental effects in addition to financial gains. Impact investments may take the form of numerous asset classes and may result in many specific outcomes. The point of impact investing is to use money and investment capital for positive social results.

Index — A market index is a hypothetical portfolio of investment holdings which represents a segment of the financial market. The calculation of the index value comes from the prices of the underlying holdings. Some indices have values based on market-cap weighting, revenue-weighting, float-weighting, and fundamental-weighting.

Weighting is a method of adjusting the individual impact of items in an index. Insider Trading — Insider trading is when you buy or short a stock with information that is not known to the public. Intellectual Property IP — Intellectual property is a broad categorical description for the set of intangibles owned and legally protected by a company from outside use or implementation without consent.

Intellectual property can consist of patents , trade secrets , copyrights and trademarks or simply ideas Initial Public Offering IPO — Shares of a company are sold to the general public on a securities exchange for the first time. Institutional Investor — An institutional investor is an organization that invests on behalf of its members.

There are generally six types of institutional investors: endowment funds, commercial banks, mutual funds, hedge funds, pension funds and insurance companies. Investment Banker —An investment banker is an individual who often works as part of a financial institution and is primarily concerned with raising capital for corporations, governments, or other entities.

An investment banker can save a client time and money by identifying risks associated with a particular project before a company moves forward. In theory, the investment banker is an expert in his or her field, who has a finger on the pulse of the current investing climate.

Businesses and non-profit institutions often turn to investment bankers for advice on how best to plan their development. Investor Relations IR -The investor relations IR department is present in most medium-to-large public companies that provides investors with an accurate account of company affairs. This helps private and institutional investors make informed buy and sell decisions. Latency — In high frequency trading, the latency gold standard is nanoseconds.

Leverage is an investment strategy of using borrowed money to increase the potential return of an investment. At the same time, leverage will also multiply the potential downside risk in case the investment does not pan out. Investors use leverage to significantly increase the returns that can be provided on an investment. Leverage up x times — That means you can trade x times what your account is actually worth.

Leverage Build Up — The accumulation of additional debt to enter a position that has the potential for large returns. From the perspective of portfolio management, leverage build up involves partaking in excessive leveraged positions for the opportunity to magnify returns. In general, unless the business owner establishes a separate corporation, the owner and partners if any assume complete liability for all debts of the business.

Limit Order — A limit order is an order to buy or sell stock for a specific price. Liquidity — Liquidity refers to the ease with which an asset, or security, can be converted into ready cash without affecting its market price.

Lock-Up Period — A lock-up period is a window of time when investors of a hedge fund or another closely held investment vehicle are not allowed to redeem or sell shares. The lock-up period helps portfolio managers avoid liquidity problems while capital is put to work in sometimes illiquid investments.

You buy this stock and own it. Margin Call — A margin call happens when a broker demands that an investor deposits additional money or securities so that the margin account is brought up to the minimum maintenance margin. Market Correlation — Correlation, in the finance and investment industries, is a statistic that measures the degree to which two securities move in relation to each other.

Correlations are used in advanced portfolio management. Correlation is computed into what is known as the correlation coefficient which has value that must fall between -1 and 1. An at-the-market order usually executes within minutes of being received and can be placed anytime during market hours. Conversely, a limit order sets the maximum or minimum price at which you are willing to buy or sell Market Maker— The most common type of market maker is a brokerage house that provides purchase and sale solutions for investors, in an effort to keep financial markets liquid.

A market maker can also be an individual intermediary, but due to the size of securities needed to facilitate the volume of purchases and sales, the vast majority of market makers work on behalf of large institutions.

Market Timing — A money manager who seeks a profit for clients from their own ability to predict when the market will rise and fall. These bonds are exempt from federal taxes and from most state and local taxes, making them especially attractive to people in high income tax brackets.

Very common on Wall Street. A non-solicitation agreement could be part of a larger document, an employment contract or a non-compete agreement. However, a firm that wants to protect only its client list might choose to use a standalone non-solicitation agreement. Opportunity Zone -An opportunity zone is an economically-distressed community where new investments, under certain conditions, may be eligible for preferential tax treatment.

Localities qualify as opportunity zones if they have been nominated for that designation by the state and that nomination has been certified by the Secretary of the U. Treasury via his delegation of authority to the Internal Revenue Service. Option — An option represents a contract sold by one party to another.

The contract offers the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy call option or sell put option a some financial asset at a price agreed upon by the two parties, the strike price, during a certain period of time or on a specific date exercise date. So if you buy a 40 call on Microsoft, and you think the stock is going to 50, you get the stock at a very good price.

If you buy a 35 put and think the stock is going to 30, you get a good price to sell it. Passive Investor — Also known as a buy-and-hold strategy, passive investing involves buying a security with the intention of owning it for many years. Portfolio — a group of stocks, bonds and other financial investments. Portfolio Manager — The person or persons responsible for the management of the portfolio day-to-day.

When determining a position sizing, and investor usually accounts for their own risk tolerance and the total amount they have to invest. One may think of position sizing as the dollar amount of the part of a portfolio in a single security.

Private Equity — Private equity is composed of funds and investors that directly invest in private companies, or that engage in buyouts of public companies. Institutional and retail investors provide the capital for private equity, and the capital can be utilized to fund new technology, make acquisitions, expand working capital, and to bolster and solidify a balance sheet. Private equity investment comes primarily from institutional investors and accredited investors , who can dedicate substantial sums of money for extended time periods.

In most cases, considerably long holding periods are often required for private equity investments in order to ensure a turnaround for distressed companies or to enable liquidity events such as an initial public offering IPO or a sale to a public company Prime Brokerage — Services provided by brokerages to special clients.

The services provided under prime brokerage are securities lending the act of lending a stock with the borrower required to put up a collateral , leveraged trade executions, and cash management. In particular, when hedge-funds shorts a stock, they have the loan executed through their prime brokerages. Proffer Session — Meetings between prosecutors and individuals who are the focus of an ongoing investigation. They are commonplace in criminal investigations. Proxy Time — A company has an annual shareholder meeting.

At the meeting shareholders vote for different things: board members, CEO compensation, dividend, etc. They send out questionnaires to the thousands of shareholders. When the shareholders send it back, they are giving the company their proxy in how to vote.

Quant Fund — An investment fund that selects securities based on quantitative analysis. In a quant fund, the managers build computer-based models to determine whether an investment is attractive. Axe Capital is more of a Fundamental shop. They research companies and make trading decisions based on the fundamentals of a company potential revenue and earnings growth, management, etc.

Lady Trader trades both a quant strategy and a fundamental strategy. The provision allows individual investors to buy shares in commercial real estate portfolios that receive income from a variety of properties. Properties included in a REIT portfolio may include apartment complexes, data centers, health care facilities, hotels, infrastructure—in the form of fiber cables, cell towers, and energy pipelines—office buildings, retail centers, self-storage, timberland, and warehouses.

Most REITs have a straightforward business model: The REIT leases space and collects rents on the properties, then distributes that income as dividends to shareholders. Realized Gains — A realized gain results from selling an asset at a price higher than the original purchase price. It occurs when an asset is sold at a level that exceeds its book value cost.

While an asset may be carried on a balance sheet at a level far above cost, any gains while the asset is still being held are considered unrealized as the asset is only being valued at fair market value.

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Investment Banker —An investment banker is an individual who often works as part of a financial institution and is primarily concerned with raising capital for corporations, governments, or other entities. An investment banker can save a client time and money by identifying risks associated with a particular project before a company moves forward. In theory, the investment banker is an expert in his or her field, who has a finger on the pulse of the current investing climate.

Businesses and non-profit institutions often turn to investment bankers for advice on how best to plan their development. Investor Relations IR -The investor relations IR department is present in most medium-to-large public companies that provides investors with an accurate account of company affairs.

This helps private and institutional investors make informed buy and sell decisions. Latency — In high frequency trading, the latency gold standard is nanoseconds. Leverage is an investment strategy of using borrowed money to increase the potential return of an investment.

At the same time, leverage will also multiply the potential downside risk in case the investment does not pan out. Investors use leverage to significantly increase the returns that can be provided on an investment. Leverage up x times — That means you can trade x times what your account is actually worth. Leverage Build Up — The accumulation of additional debt to enter a position that has the potential for large returns.

From the perspective of portfolio management, leverage build up involves partaking in excessive leveraged positions for the opportunity to magnify returns. In general, unless the business owner establishes a separate corporation, the owner and partners if any assume complete liability for all debts of the business. Limit Order — A limit order is an order to buy or sell stock for a specific price.

Liquidity — Liquidity refers to the ease with which an asset, or security, can be converted into ready cash without affecting its market price. Lock-Up Period — A lock-up period is a window of time when investors of a hedge fund or another closely held investment vehicle are not allowed to redeem or sell shares. The lock-up period helps portfolio managers avoid liquidity problems while capital is put to work in sometimes illiquid investments.

You buy this stock and own it. Margin Call — A margin call happens when a broker demands that an investor deposits additional money or securities so that the margin account is brought up to the minimum maintenance margin. Market Correlation — Correlation, in the finance and investment industries, is a statistic that measures the degree to which two securities move in relation to each other.

Correlations are used in advanced portfolio management. Correlation is computed into what is known as the correlation coefficient which has value that must fall between -1 and 1. An at-the-market order usually executes within minutes of being received and can be placed anytime during market hours. Conversely, a limit order sets the maximum or minimum price at which you are willing to buy or sell Market Maker— The most common type of market maker is a brokerage house that provides purchase and sale solutions for investors, in an effort to keep financial markets liquid.

A market maker can also be an individual intermediary, but due to the size of securities needed to facilitate the volume of purchases and sales, the vast majority of market makers work on behalf of large institutions. Market Timing — A money manager who seeks a profit for clients from their own ability to predict when the market will rise and fall.

These bonds are exempt from federal taxes and from most state and local taxes, making them especially attractive to people in high income tax brackets. Very common on Wall Street. A non-solicitation agreement could be part of a larger document, an employment contract or a non-compete agreement. However, a firm that wants to protect only its client list might choose to use a standalone non-solicitation agreement. Opportunity Zone -An opportunity zone is an economically-distressed community where new investments, under certain conditions, may be eligible for preferential tax treatment.

Localities qualify as opportunity zones if they have been nominated for that designation by the state and that nomination has been certified by the Secretary of the U. Treasury via his delegation of authority to the Internal Revenue Service. Option — An option represents a contract sold by one party to another. The contract offers the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy call option or sell put option a some financial asset at a price agreed upon by the two parties, the strike price, during a certain period of time or on a specific date exercise date.

So if you buy a 40 call on Microsoft, and you think the stock is going to 50, you get the stock at a very good price. If you buy a 35 put and think the stock is going to 30, you get a good price to sell it. Passive Investor — Also known as a buy-and-hold strategy, passive investing involves buying a security with the intention of owning it for many years.

Portfolio — a group of stocks, bonds and other financial investments. Portfolio Manager — The person or persons responsible for the management of the portfolio day-to-day. When determining a position sizing, and investor usually accounts for their own risk tolerance and the total amount they have to invest. One may think of position sizing as the dollar amount of the part of a portfolio in a single security. Private Equity — Private equity is composed of funds and investors that directly invest in private companies, or that engage in buyouts of public companies.

Institutional and retail investors provide the capital for private equity, and the capital can be utilized to fund new technology, make acquisitions, expand working capital, and to bolster and solidify a balance sheet. Private equity investment comes primarily from institutional investors and accredited investors , who can dedicate substantial sums of money for extended time periods.

In most cases, considerably long holding periods are often required for private equity investments in order to ensure a turnaround for distressed companies or to enable liquidity events such as an initial public offering IPO or a sale to a public company Prime Brokerage — Services provided by brokerages to special clients.

The services provided under prime brokerage are securities lending the act of lending a stock with the borrower required to put up a collateral , leveraged trade executions, and cash management. In particular, when hedge-funds shorts a stock, they have the loan executed through their prime brokerages. Proffer Session — Meetings between prosecutors and individuals who are the focus of an ongoing investigation. They are commonplace in criminal investigations.

Proxy Time — A company has an annual shareholder meeting. At the meeting shareholders vote for different things: board members, CEO compensation, dividend, etc. They send out questionnaires to the thousands of shareholders. When the shareholders send it back, they are giving the company their proxy in how to vote. Quant Fund — An investment fund that selects securities based on quantitative analysis.

In a quant fund, the managers build computer-based models to determine whether an investment is attractive. Axe Capital is more of a Fundamental shop. They research companies and make trading decisions based on the fundamentals of a company potential revenue and earnings growth, management, etc. Lady Trader trades both a quant strategy and a fundamental strategy.

The provision allows individual investors to buy shares in commercial real estate portfolios that receive income from a variety of properties. Properties included in a REIT portfolio may include apartment complexes, data centers, health care facilities, hotels, infrastructure—in the form of fiber cables, cell towers, and energy pipelines—office buildings, retail centers, self-storage, timberland, and warehouses.

Most REITs have a straightforward business model: The REIT leases space and collects rents on the properties, then distributes that income as dividends to shareholders. Realized Gains — A realized gain results from selling an asset at a price higher than the original purchase price. It occurs when an asset is sold at a level that exceeds its book value cost. While an asset may be carried on a balance sheet at a level far above cost, any gains while the asset is still being held are considered unrealized as the asset is only being valued at fair market value.

Most funds only allow redemptions at certain intervals ex. Reverse Merger — A reverse merger occurs when a private company that has strong prospects and is eager to acquire financing buys a publicly-listed shell company, usually one with no business and limited assets. The private company reverse merges into the public company , and together they become an entirely new public corporation with tradable shares.

Revenue Sharing — A firm sometimes will seed a small fund with capital. Depending on the strategy and what else the firm provides for the seed company office space, marketing, etc they agree on how to divide up the profits. Risk Management — Essentially, risk management occurs any time an investor or fund manager analyzes and attempts to quantify the potential for losses in an investment and then takes the appropriate action or inaction given his investment objectives and risk tolerance.

Road Show — A road show is a presentation by an issuer of securities to potential buyers. The management of a company issuing securities or doing an initial public offering IPO travels around the country to give presentations to analysts , fund managers and potential investors. The road show is intended to generate excitement and interest in the issue or IPO, and is often critical to the success of the offering.

Once the trade is executed, the runner will return to the order taker, confirming the order has been filled. Statistical Arbitrage Stat Arb — Statistical arbitrage strategies are market neutral because they involve opening both a long position and short position simultaneously to take advantage of inefficient pricing in correlated securities. For example, if a fund manager believes Coca-Cola is overvalued and Pepsi is undervalued, he or she would open a long position in Coca-Cola, and at the same time, open and short position in Pepsi.

This index provides a broad snapshot of the overall U. The index selects its companies based upon their market size , liquidity , and sector. Unlike the banking world, where deposits are almost always guaranteed by the federal government, stocks, bonds and other securities can lose value. There are no guarantees. The laws and rules that govern the securities industry in the United States derive from a simple and straightforward concept: all investors, whether large institutions or private individuals, should have access to certain basic facts about an investment prior to buying it, and so long as they hold it.

To achieve this, the SEC requires public companies to disclose meaningful financial and other information to the public. This provides a common pool of knowledge for all investors to use to judge for themselves whether to buy, sell, or hold a particular security.

Only through the steady flow of timely, comprehensive, and accurate information can people make sound investment decisions. The SEC oversees the key participants in this securities world, including securities exchanges, securities brokers and dealers, investment advisors, and mutual funds. Here the SEC is concerned primarily with promoting the disclosure of important market-related information, maintaining fair dealing, and protecting against fraud.

The SEC also works with criminal law enforcement agencies to prosecute individuals and companies alike for offenses that include a criminal violation. Sharpe Ratio — is used to help investors understand the return of an investment compared to its risk. The ratio is the average return earned in excess of the risk-free rate per unit of volatility or total risk.

Volatility is a measure of the price fluctuations of an asset or portfolio. A high Sharpe ratio is good when compared to similar portfolios or funds with lower returns. You borrow this stock rather than own it. You then sell it. However, you must later buy the stock back.

Short Squeeze — Suppose there is a certain stock thought not to be doing well. So, people choose to short it. A real-life example is GameStop a video game retailer whose plunge was a triumph for short sellers of its stocks. But sometimes the company may have some good news and the stock may rise in price which means the short sellers now have to cover at a higher price and lose money. This is short squeeze. Small Cap -Small-cap is a term used to classify companies with relatively small market capitalization.

In general, socially responsible investors encourage corporate practices that promote environmental stewardship, consumer protection, human rights, and diversity. Since this ratio uses the downside deviation as its risk measure, it addresses the problem of using total risk, or standard deviation, as upside volatility is beneficial to investors. Funding comes from central bank reserves, currency operations, privatizations, transfer payments, and revenue from exporting natural resources.

Funds tend to prefer returns over liquidity and are therefore more risk tolerant than traditional foreign exchange reserves. Acceptable investments in each SWF vary from country to country. Special Windfall Dividend — A special dividend is a non-recurring distribution of company assets, usually in the form of cash, to shareholders. A special dividend is usually larger compared to normal dividends paid out by the company and often tied to a specific event like an asset sale or other windfall event.

Special dividends are also referred to as extra dividends. Specialist — A specialist is a member of a stock exchange who acts as the market maker to facilitate the trading of a given stock. Spread — In one of the most common definitions, the spread is the gap between the bid and the ask prices of a security or asset, like a stock, bond or commodity. This is known as a bid-ask spread. Stock Jockey — A brokers who trades very actively; buys and sells securities for their clients on a nearly constant basis.

Stock jockeys who trade too frequently, however, may be accused of churning. Stock Index — a measurement of the value of a section of the stock market. It is computed from the prices of selected stocks typically a weighted average. Investors and financial managers use the stock index to describe the market and to compare the return on specific investments. The price target indicates where the analyst thinks the stock will trade in the next months.

That alone would move a stock. Toxic Debt — Toxic debt refers to loans and other types of debt that have a low chance of being repaid with interest. Toxic debt is toxic to the person or institution that lent the money and should be receiving the payments with interest. Trade by Appointment — there is not a lot of market volume on the stock. Trader — carries out trades buying or selling as instructed by the Portfolio Manager. Trading Halt — A trading halt is a temporary suspension in the trading of a particular security on one or more exchanges, usually in anticipation of a news announcement or to correct an order imbalance.

A trading halt may also be imposed for purely regulatory reasons. During a trading halt, open orders may be canceled and options may be exercised. You probably remember this term being bandied about by Chuck last season regarding mobile voting.

Why do I need to know about blockchain? And the way it becomes verified is by these miners. What did they do wrong? And how does that relate to cryptocurrency? The miners were drawing power from a town in upstate New York, which is where the legal issue comes into play. What is that? Instead of just mining Bitcoin, Gordie was mining a lot of different cryptos at once out of his prep-school basement. But Gordie was caught.

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